รูปแบบของ If-Clause มีทั้งหมด 3 ประเภท
There are four different types of conditional sentences in English.
Meaning
type
|
if-clause
|
ความหมาย
|
0
|
General truths
|
ใช้กับเหตุการณ์ที่เป็นความจริง
|
I
|
A possible condition and its probable result
|
ใช้กับเหตุการณ์ที่เป็นเหตุเป็นผลซึ่งกันและกัน
|
II
|
A hypothetical condition and its probable result
|
ใช้กับเหตุการณ์ที่ตรงข้ามความจริงในปัจจุบัน หรือ อนาคต
|
III
|
An unreal past condition and its probable result in the past
|
ใช้กับเหตุการณ์ที่ตรงข้ามความจริงในอดีต
|
Form
type
|
if-clause
|
main clause
|
0
|
Simple Present
If S + v.1 |
Simple Present
S + v.1 |
I
|
Simple Present
If S + v.1 |
will-future or (Modal + infinitive)
S + will + v.infinitive |
II
|
Simple Past
If S + v.2 |
would + infinitive *
S + would + v.infinitive |
III
|
Past Perfect
If S + had + v.3 |
would + have + past participle *
S + would + have + v.3 |
Example
type
|
Examples
|
||
long forms
|
short/contracted forms
|
||
0
|
If
you do
not brush
your
teeth, you get
cavities.
|
If
you don’t
brush
your
teeth, you get
cavities.
|
|
If
people eat
too much, they get fat.
|
If
people eat
too much, they get fat.
|
||
If
babies are
hungry, they cry.
|
If
babies are
hungry, they cry.
|
||
People
die
if they do
not eat.
|
People
die
if they don’t
eat.
|
||
I
|
+
|
If
I study,
I will
pass the
exam.
|
If
I study,
I'll
pass the
exam.
|
-
|
If
I study,
I will
not fail the
exam.
If I do not study, I will fail the exam. |
If
I study,
I won't
fail the
exam.
If I don't study, I'll fail the exam. |
|
II
|
+
|
If
I studied,
I would
pass the
exam.
|
If
I studied,
I'd
pass the
exam.
|
-
|
If
I studied,
I would
not fail the
exam.
If I did not study, I would fail the exam. |
If
I studied,
I wouldn't
fail the
exam.
If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam. |
|
III
|
+
|
If
I had
studied,
I would
have passed the exam.
|
If
I'd
studied,
I'd
have passed the exam.
|
-
|
If
I had
studied,
I would
not have failed the exam.
If I had not studied, I would have failed the exam. |
If
I'd
studied,
I wouldn't
have failed the exam.
If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the exam. |
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